The Effect of Glimeperide and Glipizide on Myocardial Protection in Stem

S 73 comprehensive phylogeny for Arachis is lacking. Sequence information from plastid trnT-trnF and nuclear ITS from a total of 47 species representing all nine sections have been used to reconstruct the first molecular phylogeny for the entire genus, with Chapmannia and Stylosanthes as outgroup. Our results from ITS sequences show that the allotetraploid species A. hypogaea and A. monticola contain alleles that represent the proposed A and B genome progenitors, A. duranensis (A) and A. ipanensis (B). The sections Caulorrhizae and Triseminata are monophyletic, thus validating these sections. Arachis macedoi (section Extranervosae) is the first branching lineage, while the remaining species of this section are resolved in a terminal clade. Majority of the Arachis species are resolved in one of three main clades. The terminal clades (Arachis I and II) are comprised of section Arachis species and other sections placed within these. STUDIES OF THE HEPATICAE AND ANTHOCEROTAE ALONG HAZEL RUN IN ALUM SPRING PARK, FREDERICKSBURG, VA – COMPARISON OF SAMPLING METHODS. Stephen W. Fuller & Emily Noordhuizen, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA 22401. Initial sampling, carried out in the fall of 2008, used a complete sampling strategy to determine what liverworts and hornworts live in this habitat. To insure that the survey was as exhaustive as possible, it was repeated. In the spring of 2009 a stratified random sampling method was used on the same stretch of the stream to determine the comparative amount of labor involved and how efficacious this method would be in finding these species. The fall sampling was done to identify species which could be observed on botany field trips, whereas the spring sampling objective was to decrease the time and effort involved in sampling the entire course of the Hazel Run creek. Twelve species of liverworts and hornworts were found in the complete sampling, which required approximately 27 hours of field work. The random sampling technique revealed 8 species; it required about 8 man-hours to measure the strata, and about 20 man-hours of additional field work to locate the random collection sites and examine them for potential specimens. The stratified random sampling in the second survey proved to be less complete and just as time consuming as the complete sampling protocol; therefore, stratified random sampling would not seem to be a method of choice if one were interested in maximizing the number of liverwort and hornwort species found in this type of habitat, or in decreasing the effort involved in a survey of these plants. A FLORISTIC SURVEY OF THE SMITH CREEK RESTORATION AREA IN ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, VIRGINIA. Karl V. Gorzelnik & Conley K. McMullen, Dept. of Biology, James Madison Univ., Harrisonburg, VA 22807. A floristic survey is being conducted as part of an ongoing collaborative project to monitor various aspects of a stream restoration project. The study area lies along part of Smith Creek in Rockingham County, Virginia. The intent of this project is to survey and catalogue vascular plants as a former pasture is being reclaimed. The results from the present survey will ultimately be compared with those obtained during later stages of the restoration, with the expectation of seeing an increase in diversity over the years. Plants are being collected and identified, and voucher specimens are being mounted Virginia Journal of Science, Vol. 60, No. 2, 2009 http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/vjs/vol60/iss2 74 VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE and stored at the James Madison University Herbarium (JMUH). From March 2008 through April 2009, 94 species have been collected and identified to species (32 families, 73 genera). Of these 94 species, 46 are native and 48 are introduced. THE FLORA OF VIRGINIA PROJECT: A 2009-2009 UPDATE. Marion B. Lobstein, Dept. of Biology, Northern Virginia C.C., Manassas, VA 22205. Virginia, for its landmass, has the most diversity of vascular plant species of any state in the United States. It had the first flora, the Flora Virginica in 1739, yet does not have a modern flora. The Virginia Academy of Science for over eighty years has supported efforts to produce a modern Flora of Virginia. In 2001 the Foundation of the Flora of Virginia, Inc, was formed in 2001 and in May 2002 received 501(c) 3 status. Progress continues to be made on the efforts to develop a Flora of Virginia including fund-raising and public outreach efforts. Work on the content of the Flora of Virginia including the nearly 300 of the core illustrations have been commissioned, completed, and funded by VAS funds. A second Gwathmey Trust grant and one from the Robins Foundation have been awarded to the project this past year. The Academy, including the Fellows, continues to provide essential support including financial for this Project. Other progress includes completion of treatments of the dichotomous keys of 170 of the 201 vascular plant families in Virginia and the first step in developing species and genus descriptions has been completed. The second step of herbarium work on descriptions is 74% complete and the third and final step of species genus descriptions is 52% completed. The projected publication date is late 2012 or early 2013. PLEOMORPHIC CHLOROPHYTES: A CHALLENGING PHENOMENON IN SPECIES SYSTEMATICS. Harold G. Marshall, Dept. Biological Sciences, Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA, 23529-0266. The identification of chlorophytes is commonly based on standard keys that portray a representative figure and its dimensions. It is assumed that features given are stable and are major criteria used in identification. However, these illustrations commonly come from preserved field samples showing one stage in the species life cycle. Any deviation from these features has often led to establishing a new species, or varieties and forms of an existing species. Yet many of these taxa are pleomorphic, having multiple forms with morphological features that differ from the standard illustration in identification keys. To know these stages living specimens have to be studied. Unfortunately, little is known regarding the life cycle of many of these taxa, and life stages from a variety of chlorophytes have been mis-identified. These life cycle stages are under genetic control, with interaction from a variety of environmental factors (e.g. water temperature, nutrient concentrations and ratios, light intensity, predation, and other water quality variables) influencing the onset and duration of this development, indicating phenotypic plasticity is common among the chlorophytes. The study of living specimens and their life cycle is necessary to recognize this variability, plus the use of molecular genetic protocols to verify speciation among these taxa. DARWIN'S GALÁPAGOS PLANT COLLECTIONS. Conley K. McMullen, Dept. of Biology, James Madison Univ., Harrisonburg, VA 22807. From 15 September to 20 October 1835, while serving as naturalist aboard HMS Beagle, Charles Darwin was Virginia Journal of Science, Vol. 60, No. 2, 2009 http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/vjs/vol60/iss2